Autosomal Chromosomal Abnormalities Essay -- Genetic Disorders

Where does deoxyribonucleic acid come from? What is desoxyribonucleic acid? What is a Trisomy? DNA comes from our parents, we get half from mom and the other half from dad. DNA is two strands of nucleotide bases coiled into a double helix. The four nucleotide bases are Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine. Adenine pairs with Thymine and Guanine pairs with Cytosine. Each set has 23 oneness chromosomes- 22 Autosomes and one X or Y sex chromosome. (Massimini, 2000). Your mother can give you only an X chromosome, but your father can die hard on an X or a Y chromosome. If you receive an X chromosome from your father, the XX pair makes you genetically a female. If you receive a Y chromosome from your father, past your XY pair youre genetically a male (mayoclinic). Trisomies occur when there is an exceptional chromosome. An example of this would be, we have a total of 46 chromosomes (23 from each parent). When one extra is added this is a trisomy because now theres 47 chromosomes. There are two different forms of trisomy they are as follows Partial Trisomy- part of a chromosome attaches itself to some other chromosome, and Mosaic Trisomy- every cell contains extra (Massimini, 2000, p.48).DNA replication is when cells make copies before they divide. DNA is held together by Hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds are distressed by an enzyme and DNA polymerase makes a complementary strand of each parent strands. DNA polymerase moves along the strand of DNA, and uses the bases as a template to make a new strand of DNA. It matches A with T and G with C as it moves along the strand. DNA liagase is the glue that seals any gaps holding the new strand together. DNA polymerase proof reads its work and corrects any mistakes it finds. If a mistake goes uncorrected the error will become a mutation, c... ...get pregnant. If the other partner is a carrier also then the baby will express the disorder.References Evans-Martin, F. (2009). Genes and Disease Down Syndrome. New York, N ew York. Chelsea House, Infobase publishing Martini, H., Nath, J., & Bartholomew, E., (2012). Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology 9th edition, California, Pearson PublishingMassimini, K. (2000). Genetic Disorders sourcebook 2nd edition, Michigan, OmnigraphicsMayoclinic staff. (Aug 17, 2010). ternary X Syndrome. Retrieved from http//www.mayoclinic.com/health/triple-x-syndromeSantrock, J. (2011). Life-Span Development 13th edition, New York, New York. McGraw-Hill Starr, C., Evers, C., & Starr, L. (2009). Biology Today and Tomorrow with Physiology. Mason, Ohio. Cengage LearningTrisomy 18 foundation. (2010). Trisomy 18. Retrieved from http//www.Trisomy18.org