Computer And The First Electrical Binary Programmable...

A computer used to be considered to be anything that can perform numerical calculations, now the term computer usually refers to an electronic device that can perform automatically a series of tasks according to a precise set of instructions. Today there are billions of computers in the world. Computer are used in homes, schools, businesses, government offices, and in universities for almost every conceivable purpose. Computers have come a long way from what they used to be and what they used to only be capable of doing. My reason for writing this paper is to show you how computers have come along. The Z1 computer, which is considered to be the first electrical binary programmable computer, was created by German, Konrad Zuse, in his parents living room in 1936. The computer read instructions from punched tape. The computer had a 64-word floating point memory where each word of memory could be from and written to by the control unit. The computer was only capable of executing instruc tions read from the punch tape reader, so the program itself was never loaded into the memory. In 1943, the computer was destroyed during the bombardment of Berlin, along with all the construction plans. (Zuse Z1 built by Konrad Zuse) In 1946, the first digital computer was created by John Presper Eckert and John Mauchly. The U.S. military supported the making of this computer because they needed a computer for calculating artillery-firing tables (Bellis). The computer took up 1,800 squareShow MoreRelatedThe Creation Of The Modern Computer Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesThe creation of the modern computer was not a clear, patented event, but an evolutionary process occurring over many decades. There was a tremendous amount of work aimed towards the development of computing from the time of Charles Babbage to Jack Kilby. Records of the most significant contributors vary from nation to nation. Since more people have begun to see the huge influence of computers on everyday lives, the records of the computer’s pioneers have been juxtaposed to honor those most influentialRead MoreHistory Of Computers During World War II948 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Computers Introduction In today’s modern world, it’s hard to imagine life without computers. Throughout the decades, computers have gotten better, faster, and smaller. It’s hard to imagine that before the 20th century almost all calculations were done by mechanical devices such as the electromechanical computers; or, the first digital computers that had huge tubes around them that you had to designate a whole room just to fit the computer in. Today we have Internet, phone book, picturesRead MoreComputer Technology Past, Present And Future1369 Words   |  6 PagesBelita Ross English 1301 Rowell 11/06/15 Final Essay Computer Technology-Past, Present and Future. Nothing better describes modern life better than the computer. For better or worse, computers are apart of every aspect in our society. Today computers do much more than just read data: supermarket scanners calculate our grocery bill while checking store inventory; computerized telephone switching centers make sure that millions of calls and lines are not being tangled up or over-whelmed ; and atmsRead MoreHistory of Computer1341 Words   |  6 PagesHISTORY OF COMPUTER THE PRE-MECHANICAL AGE: 3000 B.C. – 1450 A.D. 1. Writing and Alphabets – Communication First development of signs corresponding to spoken sounds, instead of pictures, to express words. Around 2000 B.C., Phoenicians created symbols that expressed single syllables and consonants (the first true alphabet) The Greeks later adopted the Phoenician alphabet and added vowels; the Romans gave the letters Latin names to create the alphabet we use today. 2. PaperRead MoreHistory of the Development of Computers Essay1718 Words   |  7 PagesDEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS As we are stepping towards the era of 2020, man have consistently been innovative and creative in developing and improving technology for various sectors to make the world a better place for us to live in. If we look closely today, the development of IT and Computer sector and its application have greatly influenced various other sectors like telecommunication, transport, agriculture, labour, finance, etc to be more efficient and effective at their work. Computers have createdRead MoreComputers7651 Words   |  31 Pages------------------------------------------------- Computer From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see  Computer (disambiguation). Computer system redirects here. For other uses, see  Computer system (disambiguation). Computer technology redirects here. For the company, see  Computer Technology Limited. Computer | | A  computer  is a general purpose device that can be  programmed  to carry out a finite set of arithmetic or logical operations. Since a sequence of operations can be readily changed, the computer can solveRead MoreQuantum Computing: Breakthrough of the Future Essay1283 Words   |  6 Pagesbiggest solution is, quantum computing. This is how quantum computers work, how they are made, how a person can program a quantum computer, and how it will change our future as we know it. How a Quantum Computer Works: Old School vs. New School The first conventional computers that were introduced were these big towers of switches, transistors, and buttons. These old computers took up so much power, but had such little specifications. The first Macintosh ever made had a whopping 128kilobytes of random-accessRead MoreComputer Memory3238 Words   |  13 PagesComputer Memory 1.Introduction: Just like humans, computers rely a lot on memory. They need to process and store data, just like we do. However, computers store data in digital format, which means the information can always be called up exactly the way it was stored. computer memory - an electronic memory device; a memory and the CPU form the central part of a computer to which peripherals are attached 1.1History of memory: In the early 1940s, memory technology mostly permitted a capacityRead MoreFree Essays6657 Words   |  27 PagesComputer [pic] A  computer  is a programmable  machine  that receives input, stores and automatically manipulates  data, and provides output in a useful format. The first electronic computers were developed in the mid-20th century (1940–1945). Originally, they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern  personal computers  (PCs).[1] Modern computers based on  integrated circuits  are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupyRead MoreThe Tutorial I Have Given Explanation About The Pic16f877a Microcontroller1719 Words   |  7 Pagesarchitecture.PIC having very large series such as PIC10xx,PIC12xx,PIC16xx,PIC17xx,PIC18xx,PIC24xx and PIC32xx.PIC is stand for Programmable Intelligent Computer or Peripheral Interface Controller. PIC16F877A Microcontroller Description: In the PIC16F877A, the PIC is stand for Peripheral Interface Controller, 16 denotes the one of the series of PIC and F Denotes in system programmable Flash. PIC16F877A is 8-bit low power CMOS microcontroller. The PIC16F877A is based on HIGH performance RISC architecture

Multistep Synthesis of Benzilic Acid - 2109 Words

Multi-Step Synthesis of Benzilic Acid from Benzoin Abstract: The main purpose of this experiment was to convert a secondary alcohol to a ketone, utilizing a mild and selective oxidizing agent. In addition, this converted alpha diketone was then subjected to rearrangement to a carboxylate salt, then acidification, to produce an alpha-hydroxyacid. In this experiment, benzoin was used and converted into benzil, which was then used to synthesize benzillic acid. The yields were not ideal: .081g of benzil- a 27.5% yield; .038g of benzilic acid- a 34.97% yield. The matching melting points and IR readings, however, confirmed a high degree of purity for each compound: 95.6 °C for benzil, and 104.5 °C for benzilic acid, meager .632% and .333%†¦show more content†¦Once the final solid product was obtained in both reactions the melting point procedure was used to determine the level of remaining impurity of the final product, comparing the experimental and expected values found in literature. In conjunction with the melting point procedure, infrared spectroscopy was used to reveal the different functional groups of the products. In other words, the IR machine indicates whether our final product matches up with the desired one, matching carbonyl and alcohol absorption peaks (or the lack thereof) to their theoretical presence (either benzil or benzillic acid). Procedure: 1.5ml of nitric acid was added to .30g of benzoin in a conical vial with a stir vane. The mixture was then heated in a 70 degree Celsius water bath, while stirred, for one hour. The mixture in the conical vial was then cooled to room temperature and, using a pipette, the solution was transferred to a beaker containing 4ml of ice water. The mixture slowly crystallized in the beaker and the crystallized product was filtered on a hirsch funnel with vacuum. 5 ml of cold water was used to wash the product and then the product was allowed to dry. The solid product was then collected from the funnel and added to a hot 95% ethanol solution in an Erlenmeyer flask and completely dissolved. Once the solid was dissolved completely, the solution was allowed to cool to room temperature. Once yellow crystals formed, the solution was placed intoShow MoreRelatedEssay on Multistep Synthesis of Benzilic Acid2070 Words   |  9 Pagesobjective of the experiment was to prepare Benzilic acid by multistep synthesis starting with benzaldehyde. In this setup however, product of the first step, Benzoin, is provided thereby omitting the first step involving the conversion of benzaldehyde. For this experiment, the microscale techniques of reflux, crystallization, and melting-point determination were used. Utilizing these techniques a product yield of 93% for benzil and 57% for Benzilic acid was obtained, as well as a melting point rangeRead MoreEssay about Synthesis of Benzilic Acid1107 Words   |  5 PagesSynthesis of benzilic acid from benzoi n utilizing a multi-step reaction. Names: Arian Karim TA Name: Sayantan Das Lab Day amp; Time: Thursday 7:30-11:40 Lab Section #: Abstract The main purpose of this experiment was to synthesize benzilic acid from benzoin. This requires a multistep synthesis with benzyl as an intermediate product. The first step required HNO3 as an oxidizing agent and the second step required KOH and HCl. The percentage yields of benzil and benzilic acid were 59.5%

The Impact Of Thomas Cromwell And The Christant Reformation

Thomas Cromwell and The Protestant Reformation From around 1450 to 1650 is referred to as The Early Modern Period (True, â€Å"The Early Modern Period† slide 2). This point in history is marked with important people, movements, and advancements in technology (True, â€Å"The Early Modern Period†). Some of the most prominent names from this time are Martin Luther, King Henry VII, and John Wycliffe (True, â€Å"The Protestant Reformation†). All of these people played a significant role in the movement referred to as the Protestant Reformation. For instance, William Tyndale was able to produce one of the first English versions of the bible (True, â€Å"William Tyndale† slide 3). All of these people left their mark on history in some way. Another important, but†¦show more content†¦More than anything, this is looked at as one of the biggest reasons the Protestant Reformation began (True, â€Å"The Protestant Reformation† slide 10). Another major reason for the Reformation was because in part of King Henry VII (True, â€Å"The Protestant Reformation† slide 18). True states, â€Å"Catherine and Henry were unable to produce a son, and Catherine faced a great deal of hardship† (True, â€Å"The Protestant Reformation† slide 19). This was big enough to cause King Henry to try and leave his wife (MacCulloch, 135). According to Diarmaid MacCulloch, author of â€Å"The Reign of Henry VIII: Politics, Policy and Piety†, stated â€Å"By the summer of 1527 Henry VIII had decided to divorce his wife of eighteen years and to marry Anne Boleyn† (MacCulloch, 135). Although the king’s mind was set, he has some challenges to face before he could get what he wanted. This problem stemmed from the Church’s beliefs on marriage. According to True, â€Å"in a lengthy back-and-forth between the king and the Pope (which was led by Cardinal Wolsey), The Pope resisted Henry’s attemp t to both annul his marriage and to divorce Catherine† (True, â€Å"The Protestant reformation† slide 21). This simple refusal led to a bigger reaction from King Henry VIII. True states, â€Å"....issuing the Act of Supremacy in 1534, which declared himself head of the church in England† (True, â€Å"The Protestant Reformation† slide 21). Over the next few years that caused a dramatic switch in terms of religion (True, â€Å"The Protestant

Informative Speech Breed Specific Legislation Essay

Specific Purpose Statement: To invite my audience to explore the advantages, disadvantages, and the alternatives associated with breed specific legislation. Thesis: Breed specific legislation is a controversial topic in which I am very interested and would like to explore both sides of the issue to perhaps learn something new. Pattern of Organization: Multiple Perspectives Introduction I. [Attention Getter] Imagine you were told you couldnt do something or live somewhere for the sole reason you looked dangerous. Maybe you look like someone who did something bad, while you yourself did nothing wrong, and some stranger decides youre a bad person and a danger to society. You cant live in certain neighborhoods or go to certain places.†¦show more content†¦B. Also, I hope by the end of this discussion you will be able to make a more informed decision whenever dogs cross your path. First, we will look at the meaning of BSL. Body I. What exactly is BSL? A. According to the National Canine Research Council, Breed-specific legislation (BSL), also referred to as breed-discriminatory legislation (BDL), is a law or ordinance that prohibits or restricts the keeping of dogs of specific breeds, and/or dogs presumed to be mixes of one or more of those breeds. 1) Most extreme case of BSL, is a complete ban, but it can also be any laws that impose separate requirements such as: mandatory spay/neuter, mandatory muzzling, special liability insurance, special licensing, etc. B. Breed specific means certain breed. 1) Breed generally targeted are: American Bulldog, American Staffordshire Terrier, American Pit Bull Terrier, Bull Terrier, Cane Corso, Chow Chow, Doberman Pinscher, Dogo Argentina, German Shepherd Dog, Miniature Bull Terrier, Pit bull (please note that pit bull is not a breed of dog), Presa Canario, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, Rottweiler, and wolf-hybrids. 2) Also target any dogs suspected of being a mix of any these or even look like these breeds. Now that we know what BSL is, lets look at the arguments of those who support it. II. Topic 2 A. Subpoint 1) Subpoint 2) Subpoint B. Subpoint 1) Subpoint 2) Subpoint On theShow MoreRelatedSources of Ethics20199 Words   |  81 Pagesabout ethics. However, the utility of such codes remains unsettled. 2.0- EXPLANATION OF THE SOURCES OF ETHICS: 2.1- RELIGION: The role that religiosity plays in affecting ethical attitudes is well documented. Both in area specific studies, including student cheating (Allmon et al., 2000; Barnett et al., 1996), insider trading (Terpstra et al., 1993), environmentalism (Wolkomir et al., 1997), and in broader studies (Siu et al., 2000; Smith and kley, 1996; and Miesing and PrebleRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSupportively Gaining Power and Influence 279 Motivating Others 323 Managing Conflict 373 PART III GROUP SKILLS 438 8 Empowering and Delegating 439 9 Building Effective Teams and Teamwork 489 10 Leading Positive Change 533 PART IV SPECIFIC COMMUNICATION SKILLS 590 591 Supplement A Making Oral and Written Presentations Supplement B Conducting Interviews 619 Supplement C Conducting Meetings 651 Appendix I Glossary 673 Appendix II References 683 Name Index 705 Subject Index 709 CombinedRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages...................................................................... 437 Inference to the Best Explanation ................................................................................................ 438 Induction from the General to the Specific ................................................................................. 438 How New Information Affects an Argument’s Strength ............................................................. 439 Statistics and Probability .............Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesprovide profound challenges for organizations in the twenty-first century. The book develops understanding of the increasing pressures created by heightened competition and processes of globalization by analysing their impact upon organizations with specific reference to the ways in which organization theory can help develop understanding and appropriate action. Who should use this book? The target audience is anticipated to be postgraduate students and undergraduate students for whom OrganizationalRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pageslearn about the agent’s action choice—he knows what it is with certainty. Instead, the principal is committing to incur the variance investigation cost in order to mitigate the hidden action problem by basing the agent’s contract on an additional informative, but costly, signal y. What does the optimal variance investigation policy for this problem look like? For a large class of problems, the optimal variance investigation policy will be either of two forms depending on the risk-aversion of the agent:

Precocious Puberty Free Essays

The difference between Precocious Puberty and puberty itself is Precocious Puberty is normally found in children between the ages 8 and 11. While puberty normally does not hit children till around age 11-14. The Mayo Clinic best describes Precocious Puberty as: â€Å"Precocious Puberty is when the body changes from that of a child into an adult. We will write a custom essay sample on Precocious Puberty or any similar topic only for you Order Now It includes rapid growth of bones, teeth and muscles; changes in body shape and size; and development of the body’s ability to reproduce. Precocious Puberty normally begins in girls between ages 8 and 12 and in boys between ages 9 and 14. The cause of precocious puberty often cannot be found. † Rarely, conditions such as infections, hormone disorders, tumors, brain abnormalities or injuries may cause precocious puberty. Treatment for precocious puberty typically includes medication to delay further development. There are 5 different types of Precocious Puberty. Gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty is very common and affects mostly girls and half of the boys. This is a disorder which is triggered by premature secretion of puberty controlling hormones or higher levels of gonadotropins. Gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty mostly affects boys with low gonadotropin levels. Central precocious puberty is not triggered by any underlying reason. It is merely a body response to changes that concern the central nervous system. Isosexual precocious puberty causes the sign of femininity in girls and masculinity in boys. Heterosexual precocious puberty is just opposite of Isosexual precocious puberty which brings the sign of femininity in boys whereas masculinity in girls. Early onset of puberty can cause several problems. The early growth spurt initially can cause tall stature, but rapid bone maturation can cause linear growth to cease too early and can result in short adult stature. Most children, boys and girls alike that have Precocious Puberty end up being less than 5 feet tall. According to Kids Health (1995) there are signs to be on the lookout for. For instance, â€Å"in girls the telltale signs of precocious puberty include any of the following before 7 or 8 years of age include: breast development, pubic or underarm hair development, rapid height growth, and onset of menstruation. In boys, the signs of precocious puberty before 9 years of age include: enlargement of the testicles or penis, pubic, underarm, or facial hair development, rapid height growth — a growth â€Å"spurt†, and voice deepening. † Both girls and boys will have an onset of acne and adult mature body odor. An 8 year old child having such things causes problems for that child. It’s always difficult to be different, and maturing into an adult-looking body earlier than your peers puts a lot of pressure on children. A child I know, Roberta, is only 7 years old and has Central Precocious Puberty. The mental affects it has on Roberta is outrageous; she is a second grader having to deal with wearing sanitary napkins, the â€Å"smell† associated with periods, the self-image problems of already growing breast, among many more issues. This can really wear on a child, especially one that is so young. Roberta is finding it hard to maintain her friends, once they find out about her already having periods their mom’s want them to not be friends anymore. One little girl had been friends with Roberta since Preschool then the mom found out that Roberta was wearing sanitary napkins and told her daughter she could not be friends with Roberta anymore. Roberta’s mom went to talk to this lady, and her response was, she was not ready to have â€Å"the talk† with her daughter yet. It was better they not be friends to prevent Roberta from telling her daughter anything. It is more difficult for girls than boys. Girls have undeniable signs that are visible to everyone. Boys can hide their growing penis and chest hair from their friends, the only thing they cannot hide is their facial hair if that is coming in early. Both boys and girls can have a tough time when they go through pubertal changes. Children who go through the changes at the age of 8-11 while their friends do not hit puberty till 11-14, makes it even harder for those early bloomers to cope. Children with Precocious Puberty may be stressed because of physical and hormonal changes; they are just too young to understand all the changes their body is making. These children will be teased and may end up having body image or self-esteem problems. Girls who reach menarche before age 9-10 may become withdrawn and may have difficulty adjusting to wearing and changing sanitary napkins. Roberta has had problems adjusting to wearing the sanitary napkins and she wants to make sure no one can see them from her pants. It is very confusing and traumatizing for her. Both sexes, boys more often than girls, may have increases in libido leading to increased masturbation or inappropriate sexual behaviors at a young age. Girls with a history of early puberty have a slightly earlier age of initiation of sexual activity. Some girls with Precocious Puberty enter the dating scene much earlier than their classmates. Early-maturing girls may also have behavior problems and a greater risk for substance abuse and suicide. The best thing for the children struggling through precocious puberty is for someone to be there for them, listen to them, encourage them, let them know there are others who are just like them, and what they are going through is normal. It may not normal for their age, but normal none the less. All children go through adolescences. Those with Precocious Puberty are just going through adolescences sooner. In order to diagnose Precocious Puberty the doctor will perform a work up on the child. The doctor normally begins by reviewing the medical history of the family, doing a physical exam, reviewing blood work to measure hormone levels, and taking x-rays of the child’s hand and wrist to determine bone age. When diagnosing a child with Precocious Puberty, a doctor will look at the Tanner Stages to determine where the child is at. Tanner Stages is a system that was developed in 1969 it grew out of a two-decade-long study of girls as they transitioned through puberty. â€Å"The Tanner staging system is named after Dr. James Tanner, who was a British pediatrician. He performed a longitudinal study in which the subjects were observed repeatedly over a period of time in the same context. † (Dr. Greenspan 2006) In an experiment; the girls underwent examinations and photographs every three months. Dr. Tanner and his research group studied the progress and developed the 5 Tanner Stages that we use today. The Tanner Stages deal with both breast and genital development. Roberta (the afore mentioned child) has a Breast Tanner Stage 3 and a Pubic Hair Tanner Stage of 4; this happens more times than not for girls to be more advanced in one area over the other. She is biologically age 7 but her bone age is 11. Girls will have Tanner Stages numbered 1-5; childhood through adulthood. Boys will have only one Tanner Stage, Tanner Stages numbered 1-5; childhood through adulthood. According to the Mayo Clinic (1998) there is treatment for Precocious Puberty. The children can receive a treatment called Gn-RH analogue therapy, usually includes a monthly injection of a medication, such as leuprolide, which stops the HPG axis and delays further development. The child continues to receive this medication until he or she reaches the normal age of puberty. Once he or she stops receiving the medication, the process of puberty begins again. The goal of treatment for Precocious Puberty is to stop puberty from progressing so the child can have a normal healthy childhood. Treatment will also depend on the type of Precocious Puberty and the underlying cause, if known. According to Health of Children, there are several drugs that have been developed for treatment: histerlin, nafarelin, synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, deslorelin, ethylamide, triptorelin, and leuprolide. If parents opt to have treatment, there is some after care that is required. The child will have follow up visits every 3-6 months to ensure that progression of puberty has been slowed or halted altogether. Normalization of accelerated growth, reduction in size of breasts and suppression of gonadotropin levels after receiving Gn-RH. Monitor bone age yearly to confirm that the rapid advancement seen in the untreated state has slowed typically to a half year of bone age per year or less. If parents opt to not have treatment, the child might need therapy to help with self-esteem issues, high anxiety, irritability or even withdrawal. Some studies have shown that not treating children has no effect on them at all with the exception to early adolescences. The best thing a parent can do is to discuss the ends and outs with the Endocrinologist about which treatment if any will be best for their child. Precocious Puberty is something a child can live with. Most importantly, there is help out there if they want it. How to cite Precocious Puberty, Papers

Comparing Romeo and Juliet Death Scenes free essay sample

In the 1997 version of Romeo and Juliet, Luhrman used the many oxymorons, and ironic symbols to show his interpretation of the tragic death scene. One very important occurrence that kept happening in his movie was the uncertainty of the ending and close-calls. An example being when Romeo receives news that Juliet is dead in Mantua, he immediately gets in his car and drives off. If he had waited just a few more minutes, and thought rationally, the mailman would have delivered to him the letter from Friar Lawrence explaining everything. There are many other examples of this like when Romeo is about to take the poison, Juliet wakes up to watch him do it. When if he had waited five seconds, or she had been faster in telling him shes okay, they wouldve lived happily! The director did this because he wanted to create a heavy air of irony. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing Romeo and Juliet Death Scenes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even though we, as the audience know that the main characters dont survive, the way he stages these close-calls makes the viewer uncertain as to what the ending will really be. This technique also helps to showcase the tragic flaw that makes up the tragical Romeo. In the actual death scene itself, Luhrman did an excellent job of showing the passion, misfortune, and sorrow of the film. There is some debate on the change that Luhrman made concerning if he did Shakespeares original play justice. The fact that Friar Lawrence didnt even appear is a crucial factor that was not included in his adaptation. Luhrman did this to illustrate the romance of such a dramatic scene in the final act of the movie, without the interruption of Friar Lawrence to destroy the sad beauty of it . At the end of the day Luhrmans interpretation of the play was a extraordinary, contemporary, and beautifully styled. In the Zefferelli version of Romeo and Juliet, although he portrayed the death scene in almost all its exactitude, there were still some components to be missed. Shakespeare was an amazing play-write that created fantastical stories, with web-like plot lines. Some of his plays, however have been lost in translation. The original play of Romeo and Juliet has certain elements in it that people of todays society cannot relate to. An example of this is Juliet getting married at 14 to an older man. The fact that Zeferelli followed the original play makes it awkward to connect to. One specific area that totally lost the audience was in the during the death of Romeo and Juliet, everything was so gawky and clumsy looking. The lines were hard to understand, the acting was definitely not up to par, and it really made the scene unrealistic, and not connectable. The whole scene itself was so awkward that people were laughing, and finding it comical! Thats one sure way to know that the director was not doing the play justice. Both of these movies are amazing films to watch, but it is very clear that Luhrman is the superior director.