Coaching/Leadership Skills

passenger vehiclees have many diverse roles which backside transfer in importance according to the age group of the police squad. In fair terms, the role of the check is to jut, act and review. This is an ongoing military operation aimed at improve the qualities of the coach and the performance of players. The basic roles of an effective coach are carriage dealing with a wide range of players, officials and supporters. Leader assigned to engineer training, match-day events and team morale. Teacher instructing football skills and team tactics. Mentor behind all(prenominal) successful person there is one elementary truth somewhere, somehow, soul cared about(predicate) their growth and development. This person was their teach. Selector involved in the intend and selection of the best team to represent the club. Communicator providing clear instruction and feedback to the team and individual players. Psychologist dealing with various individual personalities within the team. Public dealings representing the club at official functions and community activities. Studentcontinually seeking to upgrade experience of the game. Sports trainer with a basic cognizeledge of injury prevention, care and management. contriver annual integrated plan covering pre-season, competition, physical, technical, tactical, psychological, workload volumes and intensities etc. bonus including engendering players acceptance of let responsibility. Goal-setter making sure that goals are achievable, challenging and measurable. Creating a successful learning environment focusing on what you can promise recognising individual and group needs.MEASURING AND IMPROVING YOUR COACHING EFFECTIVENESS Australian football game is continually changing rules change, techniques change, equipment is refined and instruct methods, including the application of sport sciences, evolve. Coaches essential keep abreast of these changes and adapt their coaching accordingly. All coaches have to know if they are effective or ineffective, independent of the ability of the playing group. The avocation techniques can assist coaches in measuring and improving their coaching effectiveness. Coach self-reflectionUn slight coaches can arrange for someone to observe and analyse them on a regular basis, the self-reflection method is the only method that can be utilize to confirm the effectiveness of their coaching. Self-reflection in coaching is a process where coaches analyze their current practice against an ideal set of practices, using a magisterial procedure to make comparisons between real and ideal. scene analysis Video analysis is another effective tool that assists in the self-reflection process because enter provides permanent images that can dish out with in-depth analysis and evaluation.It can also help to identify areas in need of improvement and can also be utilise to plan for such improvement. Video self-analysis is a six-step process 1. Recordi ng videotape a coaching session. 2. Reflecting review the tape to reckon a suitable segment, then analyse the segment against the ideal model. 3. Consulting ask over a mentor to audit the analysis. 4. Planning design a plan to improve. 5. Implementing carry out the plan. 6. Follow-up recording videotape a work through coaching session and check that the plan has worked. MentoringEffective coaches have often had the well fortune to have been coached by a very good coach. On becoming coaches themselves they may have imitated many of the coaching behaviours and methods used by their previous coaches. This process can be carried on into a coachs current development through a mentor. A mentor is usually an experienced person who works individually with a less experienced coach. A good mentor is someone, chosen by a coach, whom the coach respects for their knowledge, attitudes and mentoring skills to assist them in their development.The mentor asks questions about the methods us ed and guides the coach toward a better understanding of his or her coaching. In selecting a mentor, a coach can reflect on who are the wad in their field (not necessarily restricted to other coaches) they admire most, why they admire these people, and what are the admirable qualities they possesses. The answers to these questions will direct coaches to suitable mentors, with whom they can work formally or informally to develop their own rum skills and attributes.BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION It is sometimes just as difficult to modify coaching behaviour as it is to modify player behaviour. Coaches who are attempting to modify their own behaviour should try the following strategies Identify the behaviour to be modified. be the characteristics of the new behaviour. Look at models of the new behaviour. Assess how important the change is how will it affect the coachs effectiveness? Obtain feedback about the behaviour. Reassess the effects of the change on all coaching tasks.

Disaster framework

This paper discusses the importance of national manakin for incident oversight to the managers involved. It alike describes how the national cloth is based and implemented at all in all trains of governing. The framework is an essential document to managers because it entrusts them the guidelines, structures and procedures by which they outhouse adopt at given train and situation.IMPORTANCE OF NATIONAL DISASTE FRAMEWORKThe subject field answer Framework (NRF) is a guide in which the nation uses to conduct retort to hazards deep down a defined structure and which aligns the roles and responsibilities of government management levels, toffee-nosed sphere of influence institutions and Non governmental organizations. The NRF has an objective of managing hazards and incidents that may impact individuals and businesses (Homeland, 2008). The retort initiated allow be to quickly deal with saving of lives, comfort property, and protect environment and provision of prefa tory humanitarian needs (Homeland, 2008)The framework is a work document for leading in all levels of government together with executives and leadership of head-to-head field and NGOs. This is based on shared responsibilities that require commitment from federal official government and lower level governmental heads to be able to plan for response incase of compulsion brake needs. The NRF is composed of main document, emergency fight act upon (ESF), stand up annexes, incident annexes and partner guides. The ESF involves resources and capabilities compulsory in order for the trading operations to succeed much(prenominal) as transport, firefighting services, and medical services (Homeland, 2008).Support annexes include needed resources on day to day operations such as finances, manpower, donations and coordination with private sector. Partner guides are essential in defining the role and actions of leaders engaged in the emergency operations. For telling response of an e mergency need, the framework gives detailed account of the specificity of dealing with the emergency guided by the National Incident Management governance (NIMS) which has standard commands and management structures essential in application during response operations.The NIMS calls for impelling response using leaders capabilities, individuals and households. It teaches sanctioned appreciation of ones roles and responsibilities. The NIMS guides leaders in designing plans, assessments and calculate at particular level, it also provides the needed resources and breeding collection. Each organization is able to define its roles and function within its athletic field of operation and check into efficiency (Homeland, 2008).The main levels in which the framework implements its response activities include topical anesthetic government, private sector/NGOs, states or territories and federal government. At lower level the local governments leaders mobilize communities, NGOs and pri vate sector to be engaged in arresting an incident within their area of operation. Leaders have a mandate to give leadership roles, protect and take care of the welfare of its people. The private sector on the opposite hand has a duty to protect and provide for its employees.While NGOs provide in depth knowledge, outreach services and support services (Homeland, 2008). The states have similar responsibilities exactly on larger scale than local governments. They have to coordinate private sector, NGOs and different assistance from other states, territories and tribal governments. The federal government is obligated for coordinate for resources under request of states governor. It has mandate to mobilize federal resources and federal capabilities under the leadership of secretary for homeland security (Homeland, 2008).The NIMS framework is intentional in such way that it can be adapted at any level of government operations dealing with misfortune. The framework also explains in detail the actions to be taken during the response activity. The framework has an terrible task of providing structures at national level where policies and available procedures are coordinated. These procedures can be implemented during operation because there is room for initiativeness and innovation. The aim is to make haste the mechanisms for assessing the situation and reporting the incidents.The framework does erase the national coordination of response on large scale through chairwomanial declaration. However, its activities remain in regulation hence a more manageable and effective emergency response. (National Academies, 2007) The disaster response framework outlines the essential core part of its operation which defines the operational concepts duties and functions with an objective of protecting lives and property. This is based on five main principles for an effective response. These include ) Partnership engagement where leaders communicate to partners and vigorou sly support each other by setting up goals and capabilities together. The serve well thus emphasizes on need for progressive and continuous flow of information that forget build on sustainable and improved service operation. Partnership will help the response unit to identify personnel, train them and acquire equipments for emergency operations in advance before the incident occurs.These will also help in effective coordination ((Homeland, 2008 Tierney, Lindell, & Perry, 2001) ) Response can also be based on particular tier. This is when management of emergency is specifically handled within the jurisdiction it arises i. e. by local leaders and communities depending on its magnitude (Homeland, 2008). c) The response essential also adapt to change in its size of incident, scene of the incident and complexity of the incident hence the need for discipline and effective coordination of resources. d) The framework utilizes the apprehension of unity and unified command in the proces s of on scene operations.These entail common application of effort and prize for the chain of command hence the use of Incident Command System and NIMS structural format. e) The act of readiness is emphasized in the framework which recommends that in order to have effective and successful operations, all individuals involved must be ready to participate and understand risks associated with the operation. This will therefore compressed the leaders must establish good working relationships, train the communities on risk and safety measures and ensure effective application of the safety guidelines.The framework describes the roles and responsibilities of different level of government management giving the broad spectrum of understanding them as basis of separation of duties to eliminate cases of overlapping and duplication of roles. disposition these roles help managers to be prepared for disaster response actions. These are local government is responsible for mobilizing communiti es for a course of action led by its leaders that are supposed to offer guidance, resources, emergency management and policy, laws and cypher adjustment necessary for disaster response operation. Palen, Hiltz, & Liu, 2007 Homeland, 2008). Private sector and Non governmental organization are called upon to provide and protect the welfare of its employees.Participate in planning, developing, collaborating and responding to emergency operations. The NGOs are resourceful in provision of services like credit of shelter and supplies location, provide food, shelter and clothing as well as provide information of victims who need help and coordinate assistance (Homeland, 2008). States, territories and other governments have a responsibility of supplementing and supporting the course of action taken by local governments through coordinating state resources, pass information to stakeholders and coordinate efforts from other neighboring states (Homeland, 2008). The federal government is res ponsible for coordinating emergency response from the national level. It is usually led by the president coordinated from the office of Homeland domestic security.The office coordinates activities of other departmental organization affiliated to the emergency such as Incident management, FEMA, lawfulness enforcement, National defence and support of civil authorities, international coordination, intelligence and federal department agencies (Homeland, 2008). The frame work thus gives details necessary for disaster managers to act when responding to disasters. These response actions include preparation, response and recovery after the incident.In this case, preparedness involves issues like planning, organizing, training, equipping, exercising, evaluating and improving on the response initiatives based on the experiences learnt. Response deals with structural awareness, activation and availing of resources coordination and demobilization. Lastly the recovery plan will be put in place to meet the short term and spacious term needs for victims (Homeland, 2008). A disaster framework is helpful to managers because they give them the structures by which they will implement national policies and operations at all levels. This is coordinated and integrated by the NIMS.The system emphasizes the need for managers to be informed with planning which is essential in effective disaster response.CONCLUSIONTo sum up the national framework is important to disaster managers because it is designed in such way that they can be implemented at any level. The understanding of roles by leaders in a particular sector if significant in effective management of emergency . The national framework plant through legal mechanisms that are coordinated at federal level and adopted at all levels of government management. Hence the need for cooperation and support between the public, government, private sector and NGOs

Polonius has sometimes been presented Essay

There has been much debate amongst critics and coachs alike on the learning of Poloniuss character, and his purpose in the melt down. There atomic number 18 those, such as critic Myron Taylor, who view him as a much opprobrious persona, zephyr of reasoning his ineffectuality does non excuse his moral deviousness. Appearance has become his worldly concern, thus implying he is used for handsacing dramatic effect.However early(a)s guide a more sympathetic view, for example Elkin Calhoun Wilson that dotage repeatedly amuses us in his fondness for lecturing and full-grown advice, however sound, to his meandering novel, therefore interpreting him as a more bumbling and curious element to an other sharp serious play. Despite understanding both these views I still, like Hamlet, see Polonius as a rash, intruding fool motion. 3 panorama. 4 draw off33and desire anything done that may pop enigmatic or sullen notify only have occurred unintention on the wholey (in the scri pt) or through blowup in directing.Similarly to Wilson, I can see how Polonius would add light-hearted, merry relief to the play, oddly when paired witticismh quick-witted Hamlet, highlighting the cracks in Poloniuss delusional wise role he has adopted. Polonius has traditionally been played as a sinister character, with exaggerations on his staining and sneaking around castles, as is portrayed in Franco Zeffirellis version, though many actions in the twentieth Century have instead portrayed him as senescenter and more bumbling to bring a comic element to the play. There are two sides of Polonius shown in set 1 Scene 3 and feat 2 Scene 1.These focus on his traffichips with Ophelia and Laertes, and to me portray him as inadvisable once more, though not unintelligent. He appears authoritative Look tot I charge you come your courses Scene3 bound. 135 to Ophelia and gives further instructions to Laertes Aboard, aboard.. uncomplete a borrower nor a lender be tones55+75. Th is giveicular line enforces the paper he is comical/foolish advising Laertes to leave else hell miss his crossing, notwithstanding proceeding to bombard him with a lengthy consultanty speech that states what is obvious.It does wait that he is rambling here as well, as of course Laertes is travel to university, not good starting, making the well-meant advice effectively knowledge that Laertes al ca-ca has. Both his offspring create an impression of having to be patient with him, replying in just short sentences as if to make up for time incapacitated Most humbly do I take leave my captain Laertes line 81. The audiences knowledge that he isnt as respected as he thinks himself to be can be humorous, exploitation an almost bumbling man who is held in higher esteem by himself than even his long-suffering, and in the case of Ophelia, oppressed, children.With Ophelia, there is a significant inequality their relationship than that with Laertes Polonius seems highly insensitive to her feelings, and Ophelias replies become more temperate and subservient. When speaking to Ophelia, for example, Polonius advises her on her relationship with Hamlet Do not believe his vows, for they are brokers Act 1 sc. 3 line 127 in Kenneth Branaghs production of the play, Ophelia has already slept with Hamlet, and Branagh makes use of flashbacks in Ophelias attend of their sexual relations as she listens absent-mindedly to her father.This helps back up an image of Polonius as rather ignorant, especially as Ophelias reply is so submissive, building an impression of an advisor of teeny use to anybody, which in turn strengthens his role as a comic. However, this display of likeability could be argued to be compromised in Act 2 Scene 1 as Polonius plots to send spies after Laertes put on him What forgeries you please, Act 2 sc. 1 lines19+20, potentially revealing a darker side to him, yet for me this is done for(p) later on in duologue And then, sir, doesa this-he does-what wa s I well-nigh to say? suggesting he puts on an act whilst playing up his deviousness, as the inconsistency in language, dashes and faltering punctuation portray an inconsistent mind that runs away too easily and is not to be taken mischievously quite like the character itself not intended to be a serious one. With relevance to Claudius, when both in a scene, Polonius can any be argued to be more devious or even more of a fool. The former view could have been picked up on be energize of the spying and meddling that occurs between the two of them, such as in Act 3 Sc. 1 Her father and myself, lawful espials, Will so institute ourselves lines 32+33 and to some may show a more sinister shade to his persona. In Branaghs full-length version, Polonius is shown to be slyer, with the including of his (spying) scene with Reynaldo a scene some directors cut out to enhance their own, more verificatory view of the character, due to his scheming. Polonius is in a superior position in the cou rt, which has been argued to be deliberate to use his status power to a menacingly-inclined advantage, tho is this because of his wisdom (as critic Harry Levin believes Polonius is quotable because of the wisdom of his comments), or because Claudius just needs a friend?There is a theory which baron explain his position, interpreting him as someone who once had a capital mind, but is now losing control of it. This is Polonius in a more sad light, though Claudius evidently still relies on him and trusts him, as he follows Poloniuss advice regarding spying, but besides agreeing to a take ining between Hamlet and the nance before Hamlet is sent to England. The latter theory is the viewpoint that by chance Claudius and Gertrude see him as a fool. When Polonius in Act 2 Sc. 2 gets carried away in his own wordiness Why day is day, darkness night line 88 unintentionally, he is opposing himself to the idea of his speech transitoriness is the intelligence of wit line 90, and Gertru de even remarks More matter with less art. line 95, in other words, bluntly pointing out that Poloniuss act as a wise advisor is conjured by himself that he is not the mind he thinks himself to be. Act 3 Scene 1 reconfirms my phone lineal theory, as Polonius guesses-incorrectly and slightly hypocritically-that the cause of Hamlets madness is down to Ophelias rejection, again giving Hamlet, and the audience, the upper hand yet do I believe The origin and commencement of his grief/ Sprung from neglected love.Even when it is confirmed that small towns madness has nothing to do with Ophelia, Polonius sticks to his theory despite all evidence pointing to the contrary. Far from appearing sinister then, the two (Claudius and Polonius) together appear foolish, like puppets with Hamlet as their master, manipulating and playing their minds. This is demonstrated earlier in the play, as Polonius tells Ophelia not to believe his vows for they are brokers Act 1 sc. 3 line 127, yet here, he him self is taken in by Hamlets performance. It is also worth noting that Polonius had previously told Ophelia Affection?Pooh, you speak like a green girl Act 1 Sc. 3, lines 127, + 101, showing he is proving to be strong-minded on a matter he previously disagreed with-and seemed so ready to persuade Ophelia likewise of- himself. Polonius is often contrasted with Hamlet. It could be argued his place in the play is to emphasise Hamlets quick-wittedness and intelligent nature. He seems not to understand the Prince is teasing him conversationally I did enact Julius Caesar, I was killed I th Capitol Brutus killed me Polonius Act 3 Sc. 2lines 105+106 It was a brute part of him to kill so capitol a calf there Hamlet lines 107+8.Scenes like this also help to contrast Hamlets sharp dialogue with Poloniuss slow, lengthy style of speech, featurely when he is with the powerfulness or queen regnant and uses it to impress as Elkin Calhoun Wilson has noticed and over-elaborating it his wisdom in speech with the King and Queen. Hamlet further makes Polonius the butt of his jokes in Act 3 Scene 2 By th mass and tis, like a camel indeed Polonius line 375 Methinks it is like a weasel Hamlet line 376 and has more pastime at the old diplomats expense.It also quite blatantly makes a joke out of Polonius, the laughs in the audience this time rattling being against him, as he remains too involved in the sound of his own voice to properly register what Hamlet is saying, establishing him unarguably as a comic character. Hamlet is a character with an clear command over language in the play though, and is naturally tricksy without striving to be, whereas Polonius speaks in dragging, slow bouts and wants to be considered wise.There is clearly little respect towards Polonius from Hamlet (you are a fishmonger Act.2 Sc. 2 line 174, and, as he is the protagonist of the play, this sways the audiences opinion towards him. He is almost too cruel towards him at some points though, e. g. old men have grey beards they have a plentiful lack of wit Act. 2 Sc. 2 lines 197-201, clearly describing Polonius, and so perhaps enforcing the idea of him as a tragic character. Right until the end, Hamlet still treats Polonius as a second-class person showing no remorse at his wipeout and branding him a rash, intruding fool Act 3 Scene 4 line 33 which of course he was.The words intruding convey a completely different meaning to cleverly inquisitive and rash doesnt invite the praise spontaneous would. He was then labelled a fool during his time in the play, and labelled a fool again upon his exit. It is ironic Poloniuss death should be so unceremonious Act 3 Scene 4, stage directions Exit Hamlet dragging in Polonius line 219 given that his persona in the play was one of elaboration and dishonest grandeur.This is almost like a last, bittersweet laugh against him, exactly the other of how he would have liked to have exited, the word dragged being of particular importance, as when pe rformed on stage this would have been so undignified as to have crossed slightly into black humour territory, depending on the director (Ill lug the guts into the neighbour room, Hamlet, Act. 3 Scene. 4, line 213)It is also exposing that Polonius should have been killed from behind the arras, and in a foolish way too.It would have been wiser to remain hidden, and so by shouting, symbolically, perhaps Polonius was revealing the superficiality there was to his sinister persona. Hamlets reaction is one of brevity and disrespect I took thee for thy better line 134. However, his death does act as a catalyst for the race towards the ending of the play Hamlet is sent to England to meet his death, though Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are killed instead. This proceeds to him finally taking revenge on Claudius, and results in the murders of Gertrude, Hamlet, Laertes and Claudius.Whether this increases his worth or not in the play is abrupt to reading material. Elkin Calhoun Wilson decides P olonius has a minor tragic dimension as well as a major comic boasting my eyes catch a more embracive view of him than Hamlets possibly can and with this I can, to an extent, agree. It is tragic he should be cast off in such a way, and in him there was not just the doddering old fool, but also, as Elkin writes, a comic appendage. boilersuit then, looking at various views and studying the text thoroughly, I can stick by my judgement of Polonius as a foolish, though comic, character.Although considered unimportant by those in the play, I believe him to bring a pleasurable relief from the drama and tragedy entangled in the plot which would otherwise make for a very depressing production. Of course, it is down to personal interpretation how a director would present the character, but to me the lengthy and self-important dialogue is unavoidable, and the undignified death inevitable, making Polonius -arguably- doomed to lack credible threat void of irony and humour, and therefore set f irmly as a foolish prating character. 1999 words Sophie Mayall.Bibliography Websites usedhttp//www. metroactive. com/papers/metro/02. 20. 97/branagh-9708. hypertext markup language http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Polonius www. jstor. org- Studies in English Literature 1500-1900 Vol. 8, No. 2, Elizabethan and Jacobean England www. jstor. org- Shakespeare quarterly Vol. 9, No. 1 (Winter 1958), pp. 83-85 Films Kenneth Branaghs film version Hamlet 1996 Franco Zeffirellis film version Hamlet 1990 Copies of the text Cambridge School Shakespeare First Edition, print 1994 Heinemann Advanced Shakespeare, published 2000 Journals Shakespeare Quarterly Vol. 9 (winter 2005), Vol. 8 No. 2 (spring 1968).

Pride and Prejudice- Jane Austen and Letters to Alice- Fay Weldon Essay

An examination of Jane Austens 1813 fond satire overcharge and parti pris, and the jut out of Fay Weldons 1984 epistolary text earn to Alice on first training Jane Austen, digests taking into custody of Austens novel to be moulded and then shifted. self-esteem and loss is a novel of earthners, focusing on marriage, Pride, Prejudice and Social differentiate which are projected by means of the roles, gentry-class setting and Austens authorial com custodyt. Austens purpose was to portray the instauration of the gentry class, and satirise some aspects of her family and praise others. Weldons purpose is to encourage an sympathy of the value of literature for individuals and hunting lodge. She models Austens writing to demonstrate her argument and in so doing she gives a heightened spirit of values in Austens scope. She reviews Austens society, providing an news report of mixer conventions such as marriage, accessible stratification and women. aunty Fays opinions allow readers to determine their understanding of events and characters in Pride and Prejudice. Her conclusions allow the reader to drag on connections between our contemporary society and Austens context, which then enables us to reshape our original understanding of Pride and Prejudice and our own context. through with(predicate) Letters to Alice, Weldon discusses the importance in the value of literature. This is displayed through use of the imperative you essential read. Her observing of literature linking to the transcendence of time is examined when adopting the metaphor of the metropolis of invention, which educates the readers of what good literature is and the solid foundations that make it withstand time. aunty Fay says Through practice literature we learn about the way people public opinion and how they deceased, the ways we are different and the things we share, suggesting an implicit link to Austens work. Weldon writes that good literature has the ability to tr anscend time and reach readers across centuries.She demonstrates that the characters Austen created, are soundless relevant in modern society. The universal themes of faults and failings such as prepossess are seen in twain texts, as they were been indite for moral guidance purposes. Austen uses her novel to suggest how people should behave. She condemns snobbery, assumption and prejudice. For example, Austen uses the character switch between Elizabeth and Darcy and rewards them with happiness. Through Mary, Austen uses authorial comment on pride by saying human nature is particularly prone to itaperson may be proud without being vain. Weldons character Aunt Fay is comparable to Jane Austen, as she teaches her niece Alice to read, be appreciative of her world and develop empathy for those who are less fortunate. Through Aunt Fays didacticism, the readers see a changing Alice, similarly to Elizabeth white avenss character transformation in Pride and Prejudice.Elizabeth has to overcome her initial judgements of Mr Darcy in order to gather in a heightened understanding of herself. For example, after the first brief encounter with Darcy she remained with no very cordial feelings towards him. She is left believing he is arrogant and the more or less disagreeable man. However she learns from her misemployness when she begins to understand his character and his motives. This is similar to Alices experience, as she is taught to reshape her opinionated first impressions of Jane Austen and the Professors wife. Alice comes to understand, through Aunt Fays letters, that she has taken her animateness and educational opportunities for granted and should non make judgements of hateful when only based on her Professors opinion. marriage is the uncreated worry of Austens novel.The immense importance of which is referred to by Mrs Bennet If I can but see one of my daughters happily settled at Netherfield, and all the others equally wellhead matrimonial, I hav e nothing to bid for. The plot follows Mrs Bennets hopelessness in having her five daughters married to men who have inherited a lusty fortune. The novel reflects Austens context where marriage was a result of seeing profitable prospects alternatively than come. This is exemplified through Mrs Bennets comment A single man of a large fortunewhat a fine thing for our girls Marriage benefited the couple in both wealth and affectionate status. Austen utilises a classification of marriages to contrast and show preference to the uniting of Elizabeth Bennet and Mr Darcy who have crawl in and respect, and have had to overcome initial personal judgements of each other. Elizabeth Bennet, who has to reassess her prejudice and Mr Darcy, who has to overcome his pride.They become the most affluent and respected couple in the novel. The idea of entailment ensured the family fortune was inherited by the men, which meant women had limited heritage rights. This is the main incentive for Mrs B ennet having her children married to men with a substantial fortune, as when Mr Bennet dies, the family will be left poor. This is augmented through Weldon who expresses empathy towards Mrs Bennet, and says life was not rosy whether women married or not. This helps to reshape theunderstanding of marriage gained in Austens novel, as it was previously believed that marriage scat to a better lifestyle for women. Fay Weldon connects the idea of marriage by linking the deuce generations, and interpreting the changing facets of matrimony. In Jane Austens period, marriage was a urgency rather than a commodity. Alice, the representative for the contemporary context, perceives marriage as an modify institution.Alice views Austens novel as boring, petty and irrelevant, as her context believes love should be factored into marriage. Fay Weldon connects the generations by unlooseing aspects that have remained the same or have changed. She highlights the harsh realities of married women in Ja ne Austens patriarchal world. For example, she writes men could beat you if they saw fit. Weldon describes Austens contextual ideas on marriage through Aunt Fay who attempts to help her niece Alice, a rebellious university student, understand the sine qua non for marriage in Austens context. She uses the metaphor To marry was a great prize. It was a womans aimNo wonder Mrs Bennet driven half mad by anxiety, knowing they would be unprovided for when her economise died. This helps the readers to reshape their understanding of Mrs Bennet.In Pride and Prejudice, Austen satirises and condemns her character for her obsession with decision suitable partners for her unmarried daughters. However, Aunt Fays didactic attempt on using empathy is expressed through Mrs Bennet, who is described as politeness warred with desperation. Weldon details the unions between Elizabeth Bennet and Mr Darcy to be unlikely, given their differences in social standing. This is reinforced by Aunt Fay re caputi ng Alice, Novels are illusion not naturalism. This perspective on matrimony takes the reader back to Pride and Prejudice and reinforces Charlottes pragmatic perspective Happiness in marriage is altogether a matter of chance.Aunt Fay recognises that some unions have not changed from Austens period. thither are women who still marry for survival. For example, the importation of Asiatic wives links to the marriage between Charlotte and Mr Collins, as she found happiness, inspite of marrying for all the wrong reasons. To heighten the readers understanding of marriage in Pride and Prejudice, she says is the stuff of our womens magazines, but it was the stuff of their life, their very existence. This is Weldon reinforcing the idea of necessity for marriage for women of Austens context. It helps Alice to overcome her initialthoughts on marriage in Pride and Prejudice. In Pride and Prejudice, social class overrides all other emotions such love and happiness. Mr Darcy is the central chara cter who defines the upper class of Regency England. Mr Wickham uses bitter verbal jeering to describe Darcy, noting He was to be above all company, in having been slimy to be compared. Austen defies her conventional ideas on social stratification through the unusual unions of matrimony between Elizabeth and Darcy or Jane and Bingley.These marriages occur, despite the authorative Lady Catherine saying Your union will be a disgrace, you name will never be mentioned by any of us. This allows the readers to see that Austen had created Elizabeth Bennet, to break through her societys rigid values. This is linked to Weldons comment Jane Austen likes to see the share between brilliance and gentry broken down, as the partition had been created when Elizabeth married Darcy. Fay Weldon uses social stratification to connect the gap between Austens society and the modern world. She contemporises Austens text by having the didactic Aunt Fay write to Alice explaining the gentry thought wel l of themselves, and liked to despise the nobility for their rackety ways, and were despised by them, in turn for being applaudable and boring. In this, Weldon suggests that people of both societies were limited by social boundaries. Through Weldons text, Aunt Fay attempts to make the readers feel empathy through the explanation of stratified womens lives Women were born poor, and stayed poor, and lived well only by their husbands favour.Weldons use of stratification, like Austens, is used for didactic purposes. She writes human nature does not change over the centuries, indicating that snobbery, pride, prejudice and criticism, which Austen satirised in Pride and Prejudice, are still relevant in modern society. For example, Caroline Bingleys criticism of the mediate class is similar to criticism aimed at writers, deriving from the readers who do not understand the difficulty of writing well. Austen believes women should have options and opinions. Her character Elizabeth is indepen dent, witty and judgemental. She defies social conventions and is used as a model for achieving Austens purpose, and in return, is rewarded with love. There was also the idea of thoroughgoing(a) women being more suitable to men. Women who were well educated in the art of music, literature and languages, were thought to be accomplished and therefore more attractive to a suitor.Miss Bingley states, using ingathering A woman must have a thorough cognition of music, singing, drawing, dancing, and the modern languages, to deserve the word. In Pride and Prejudice, the Bennet sisters did not attend school and were only trained in accomplishment. This juxtaposes with Alices lifestyle, as she is eligible to attend university on a different continent to progress her education. An example of this is when Aunt Fay plants the idea why dont you go to UCLA and write? This helps people understand the limitations of women in Pride and Prejudice and justify the difference between the ideas of a suc cessful woman in both contexts. Fay Weldon defines womens lives in Austens context and compares it to modern society. She models Austens life for Alice to gain a heightened understanding of the difficulties women faced to defy social conventions. She demonstrates this by using the metaphor It takes great courage to swim against the stream of common ideas.In this, Weldon is depicting the complications for Austen to see her world and reprimand its values on marriage, social class and women, whilst providing an alternative perspective. Weldon describes the limitations for female writers as they were expected to be tender, flatter, deceivenever let anybody guess that you have a mind of your own. Female writers were discouraged from inventing and were only allowed to write about their world. Aunt Fays brief explanation of the female writers contrasts with contemporary society, with Aunt Fay being the example. With the ability of travel and freely express her opinions, she is able to wri te without concern of her work being unpublished because of contemporary values. Unlike Austen, she is being paying(a) and recognised for the texts she writes. Fay Weldon uses didacticism to develop an empathetic link to women in Austens context by detailing to Alice by your standards it was a horrible time to live.For example, she gives statistical evidence of childbirth childbirth was primitivethere was no analgesicsyour chances of dying wereone in two. In this, Aunt Fay highlights that Alice should not take being autonomous for granted. This is delineated through Aunt Fay expressing You do not know little Alice, how recent or lucky you are. A close study of Jane Austens 1813 social satire Pride and Prejudice and the 1984 epistolary text Letters to Alice on first reading Jane Austen by Fay Weldon, allows us to draw connections between the two texts and for our original understanding of Austens text to be shaped and shifted. Austen uses the main themes in Prideand Prejudice, such as Marriage, social class and Pride, to express her approval or disapproval of her societies attitudes. Weldons text is used for didactic purposes to encourage an understanding of the value of literature, for which she uses Austens writing to project her ideas. She reviews Austens context by providing an explanation of social conventions such as marriage, social stratification and women.

How it portrays the human condition Essay

In the time its set of 1801, social classes were arife indoors the country. It was normality to marry some 1 within the same class, and was fr accepted upon to do anything different. The rogueortance of class is evident when Cathy says if the wicked man had not brought Heathcliff so low, I shouldnt take over thought it not to marry him. This signifies how in this piece of lit Heathcliff is opressed by the rigid class system, and becomes a victim in the management that class is the very thing that prevents Cathy & Heathcliff marrying.The point Heathcliff is told every day how profitless he is and how lucky he is to be in a graceful augury provokes his hatred towards the separation of their society into classes. As of the way Hindley tempered him like a servant and degrading him, Heathcliff shows pure hatred towards him. He also exposes this putrid manner towards the Lintons, whom in time changed Catherine, in a way to believe she was much too good for Heathcliff. We are c ounterbalance made aware of how much class is going to affect Heathcliffs and Cathys hit the hay for each other when Catherine is attacked by dogs, in which the plunk lies upon Heathcliff.The Lintons then describe him as a wicked male child quite unfit for a decent house. Although it is simply frowned upon to marry someone from a different class in todays society, this unused remains relevant on the pitying condition by the detail that it portrays how someone bequeath do truly anything in their power to be with the person they crawl in with, which is of course shown by Heathcliff. The fact he has been displace in a lower class differentiates how Cathy shows her love towards him, forcing Heathcliff to try and go bad himself.This even results in Heathcliff attempting to drive Cathy mad with green-eyed monster, by marrying Isabella. In his following of Cathys love, he manages to destroy all around him, affecting his own self. This means that Bronti could even be supporti ng the upholding of these conventional values. Initially the resolvent would seem to be no, as the reader sympathizes with Heathcliff the gypsy oppressed by a rigid class system and constantly referred to as imp or fiend. But as Heathcliff pursues his revenge and persecution of the innocent, the danger present by him to the community becomes obvious.Like other cleans of the 1830s and 40s, Wuthering Heights may in reality suggest the necessity of preserving traditional ways to prevent danger to the universe of discourse that is perhaps even unnecessary, because fighting for this cause silence wont get you what you want. This helps us ensure even if we k straightaway that ultimately we messnot go for what we want, we will still fight for it the best we move disunite of the merciful condition. Cathy is so induced by this system of class, she thinks of class as part of the reason to marry someone or a reason to love.Cathy thinks of Edgar as a way of elevating her position in the community, which can be seen when shes talking to Nelly (and I shall like to be the greatest woman of the neighbourhood). Because Cathy is so interested in society, it comes to a point where it corrupts her love for her own family. This is apparent to her relationship with Nelly before Cathy was seduced by this idea of high-society, she regarded Nelly as just as important as her own mother. Though now, Cathy treats Nelly with disrespect, and even attacks her, much to Nellys anger O, Miss, thats a nasty trickYou have no right to nip me, and Im not going to turn out it. This is important on the grounds that this represents the human condition in a way that we can all be deeply influenced by something to terms the ones we love. By a range of devices, Bronti shows how each character is motivated. Throughout the new we see how human motivation encourages a huge change in Cathy. At the beginning of the novel Bronti portrays her as a cloy, free, family-orientated girl. For illustr ation, the novel says Cathy was hardly six years old, but she could ride any horse in the stable.This shows that Cathy was not yet influenced to be ladylike or prosperous, and was still a kindred spirit. She is still portrayed as this wild advanced girl, until the point where Heathcliff and she are spying on Thrushcross Grange, and are attacked by dogs. When they are found by the Lintons, Heathcliff is merely sent away deemed as a wicked boy quite unfit for a decent house. However, Cathy is invited into the house, and the Lintons show her a whole new way of life, judging by her new concept of class, and anew sense of etiquette.The reader is told that her remaining family have noticed her new self, especially Nelly there lighted from a fine-looking black pony a very dignified person. The fact Nelly compares Cathys change to a horse links in with her love of riding horses, as shown earlier in the novel. Now this change has occurred, we now see how Cathy is not only motivated by lov e and summercater as she was with Heathcliff, but by more shallow things perhaps, such as wealth and appearance. She is shown to be motivated by wealth when she discusses Edgar with Nelly (and he will be rich).She in fact talks about Edgar in such a way that she deserves this wealth and life of upper class. You can see how shes motivated in a shallow trend when she says to Heathcliff if you wash your face, and brush your hair, it will be alright. But you are so dirty This shows that now, after these new found motivations, Heathcliff has to change how he is to encounter to Cathys needs, and in order to be loved by Cathy. On the other hand, Heathcliff is driven by one thing only his animalistic and pure love for Cathy. Although he is motivated by love, other things get over this motivation, such as cowardice.Heathcliff is jealous of what she sees in Edgar, and tries to tell Cathy he loves her, without success. He is close to declaring his love for her when theyre arguing, and he says the crosses are for the evenings you have fagged with the Lintons, the dots for those spent with me to show that I do care. Fuelled by his love for Cathy, and how is world is centred purely on her actions, Heathcliff does some very spiteful things, objurgate him as a gothic character. For example, he marries Isabella purely to induce jealousy within Catherine.The novel shows how Heathcliff olfactory propertys that if Cathy had not become a lady of etiquette with new motivations then they would never have been separated. This can be seen when he says Because misery, and degradation, and death, and secret code that God or Satan could inflict would have parted us. With the human condition in question, this is important because it shows how humans can feel hatred not towards a person exactly, but towards the actions and changes that occur in that person. In the novel we are also shown by Bronti how certain mass like loss and jealousy can change someone, and their condition of humanity. later on his wife dies, Hindleys character changes dramatically. Before this loss, he loved his family dearly, and was content with his life. However, after her death, Hindley is subdued into a world of alcoholism and fury, to the point where he endangers the lives of his loved ones. This is shown when Hindley carried him his own son upstairs and lifted him over the banister and in truth drops him. Hindley is also affected by jealousy. Because his adoptive brother, Heathcliff, was favoured by his father, he had to bunk being shadowed by Heathcliff all of his childhood, until his father died.Considering this, Hindley grew up to hate Heathcliff, and eventually destroyed Heathcliff, using him as a servant, placing him in a lower class. Therefore, Hindley indirectly ruined Heathcliffs chances of obtaining Cathys hand in marriage. In conclusion, I feel that the novel by Emily Bronti helps us to understand the human condition in a way that no other novel does. Her unique way of showing love within the novel meant that she didnt just show the initial attraction of love, but how it can corrupt ones other feelings and thoughts. Brontis use of terminology within the novel displays the emotions and motivations of the characters successfully, and gives a great sense of the reality of the human condition to the novel. As a result of this, Bronti will remain one of the greatest writers to of lived, and her books will, and currently, remain as relevant and as important as they did in the 19th century. Laura Pearson Show take in only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of some that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Free and Fair Election

Free and Fair preference The electoral arrangement have to be sightly and comely and to ensure this, free and pretty(a) preference will be held when the Parliament is dissolved or intermit its sitting duration of 5 years. A free and clean-living election infixediness be in orderly manner and it must non have Coup detat. Coup detat is meant by a sudden decisive exercise of force in political science . It is an alteration of an existing government by a small assort that tend to create riots and chaos. The current Malaysia government believe that Bersih 2. 0 and 3. 0 is an attempted coup detat to topple the government an allegation maintain by the Prime Minister himself.But the 8 demands from Bersih 2. 0 have no bias standing against any of the governmental parties in Malaysia. Basically they just wanted a clean and fair election, which is the fundamental element in the electoral transcription. Malaysia practices the impartial plurality system which is also known as f irst-past-the- daub system. The hallmark of this system is that constituencies atomic pattern 18 single-member constituencies and a candidate with the largest balloting wins the electoral district even if it does not take an absolute majority of the electors.Article 116 and 117 constitute that representatives at State and Federal level are divided into constituencies in accordance with the provisions contained in the Thirteenth Schedule. This system is following the Westminster post system which is also followed by UK and India. The MP who won the election does not usually equal to the majority of votes. They won the election by simple majority except not the entire popularity of the voters. The fundamental built on this system is that each voter is entitled to only one vote. Constituencies are approximately equal in population size so that it carries the aforesaid(prenominal) value.All constituencies are single-member constituencies so that there are as many electoral distr icts as there are seats in the elect chamber. solo one ballot is held and the candidate obtaining the most votes is declared elected. Candidate with the largest vote wins. The advantages of the simple plurality system are that it produces a clear master it provides political stability reduce the number of political parties represented in Parliament enables stability in government and ensures easy passage of legislating by dint of Parliament. Furthermore, it avours large groups and coalition and eliminates small parties, making it an easy cut into for the legislation making to pass through. There is no perfection in everything, so does the political electoral system. One of the defects of first-past-the-post system is that it produces parliaments that are elected but not representative. Democratic legitimate is in doubt because the ascendency of government population is usually below 50%. Voters who voted for unsuccessful candidates witness no representation in Parliament. In 1982, 60. 5% of the votes gave to the Barisan 85. 7% of the constituencies. In 2004, 63. % of the ballots translated to 90. 41 seats in the Dewan Rakyat. These flaws can be minimized with the system of proportional representation where the parliamentary seats are given(p) to the parties in proportion to the number of votes obtained by them. In single transferable vote system, a candidate is elected only if he obtains the quota of the vote cast. It is a multi-member constituency but each voter has only one vote and he is required to mark unwrap his preference for different candidates. In the advert system,each party is allowed to put up a list of candidates equal to the number of seats to be filled.The voter gives his vote to the whole list en bloc. There must have an honest and competent administration to line the election so that the election will be fair. The pick committee must be fair. Article 114(2) of FC written that in appointing members of the Election commitment the YDPA shall have regard to the importance of securing an Election steering which enjoys open confidence. This implies that public confidence is internal and to gain the public trust, independent and fair Election Commission is a must.In Article 114(4)(b) and (c) also clearly stated that the YDPA shall by order remove from office any member of the Election Commission if such member engages in any paid office or employment outside the duties of his office or is a member of any House of Parliament or of the Legislative Assembly of a State. By staying away from the executive and legislative branch, it prevents the Election Commission from choosing side or bias towards any of the party in the election. Even their remuneration comes from unite fund as stated in Article 114(5) of Federal record.This proves that the Election Commission is neutral from the government. Their duties are to conduct election, keep the election reach clean and constitutes boundary as listed. Mobilising orga nisations like political parties aided our democracy to envisage democracy. Non-political associations and organisations like firms, industries, trade unions and religious organisations help to create and circulate public opinion. This indicates that developed system of a political party is essential to ensure fair and free election. In Malaysia political parties are allowed but they must apply for registration under Societies Act.Nearly 34 political parties are registered with the Registrar of Societies. The belief Barisan National is the worlds most immutable political coalition. Starting out as the Alliance since 1955, today it has 14 parties, 9 which won federal parliamentary seats. There are 20 registered opposition parties, 4 of which gained parliamentary representation. To achieve a free and fair election, candidates must apply the general rules of fair play. Equal chances should be given to each participating parties to conduct their election melt.Election campaign coul d be conducted through media and spreading their propaganda. Shifting voters illegally, creating phantom voters, granting illegal immigrants citizenship and the right to vote, buying votes, handing out cash aid to vulnerable groups, and intimidating voters are crimes of election and must not be conducted in any way. The use of propaganda is limited in some countries by forbidding use of opinion polls, newspaper advert and house to house campaigns. Giving of free transport, food and bribes to the electorate is forbidden.But government afterwards government gets around the law by promising or delivering ontogeny aid just before the election (Prof. Shad Saleem Faruqi, 2008). In Malaysia, under the Elections (Conduct of Elections) Regulations 1959-82, the time period for election campaign has been progressively shortened from the period of 147 days to a minimum of 11 days. The conduct of the campaign is supposed to be fair and equal to each participating parties. But the Governments dispose on political processions on the alleged ground of security make the certain parties unable to reach the electorate and to mobilise public opinion.The short campaign period limits out the other parties to reach out to the electorate. The ownership and constraint of the mainstream print and electronic media by the Government or groups affiliated with the ruling coalition like TV3, Bernama and Berita Harian gives the Government an unfair advantage over its opponents. These issues hire to be addressed and redressed. The right to speech, company and association are the essential pillars of a democratic set-up to reach the goal of free and fair election. Speech, assembly and association are restrained considerably in Malaysia.Though Article 10(1) enshrines these freedoms, Articles 10(2), 10(4), 149 and cl suffer the Parliament to impose restrictions on the exercise of these freedoms on 14 constitutionally permissible grounds. A plethora of laws has been enacted under the aut hority of the Constitution to ensure that electoral zeal does not compromise race relations, bailiwick security and public order. As in during ordinary or election campaign, processions, public rallies and assemblies are not allowed except with a police permit under the Police Act. The recent case of Bersih 2. rally was an assembly that was not permitted by the Police Act, although their organization was legal and permitted. The root to achieve fair and free election results is through the votes. Malaysia uses the One vote, one value which is base on one cardinal principle- that constituencies should be approximately equal in population size so as to give reality to the principle of one person, one vote, one value. This principle is an offshoot of the rule of par before the law. The weightage of the votes are differ based on geographical areas, basically categorized into rural and urban area.The Baker v Carr rules gives parliaments a mainly urban bias. For this reason many cou ntries including Malaysia allow rural constituencies to be smaller in population size than urban electoral districts. Rural or urban are not defined in the Constitution and enormous disparities in population exist from constituency to constituency. Population, geographical size and the urban-rural dichotomy attend to have exerted influence. Labuan, Putrajaya, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Sabah and Perlis are over-represented. Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Johor and Terengganu are under-represented in the federal legislature.

Cognetive psychology

This is False Jane Eliot simply asked her previous students if they thought the class period would be good for students or teachers and her students answered that it would be good for both. She never explicit that all teachers should do her experiments. 4) This is True. 5) This True. part 3. 1) This character is from The Limitless Heart create verbally by Fenton Johnson.This quotation is expressing how people are so willing to fancy in their emotions, hiding heir true feelings. I was emotional caught with Johnson teaching This much he and I share as a airy man who grew up in the rural South, I am no stranger to hiding. This quotation is meaningful because there is always someone in every culture who doesnt want the same life or film the same believes as their family, plainly they have to hide it because they do not want to be hated by the people they love the most. ) This quotation is from Male-Female Conversations is Cross-cultural Communication compose by Deborah Tannen . I would agree with Tannens command because in every culture, women want nothing more than to be heard, especially by their husbands because it shows that they care and understand the emotions their wives are going through. 3) This quotation is from Wounds that never Heal written by Mariama L. Barrie. Barrie is expressing the pain not only she felt, but the pain of all the women in her tribe during their genital mutilation.She expressed that women ho perform these procedures are unaware of the dangers they put the little girls through, with a breach that may heal psychically but never emotionally. 4) This quotation is from Ethnocentrism written by William B. Gudykunst. I agree with Gudykunst statement about everyone being ethnocentric because we are all raised differently, causing us to have a specific preference of acting a certain way or doing a specific thing. It is natural and unwilling tor us to Judge others found standards and cultural experience. Part 4. on our own